Sustainable Agriculture in India

he management practices for sustainable agriculture virtually differ from those of modern agriculture. The important steps in sustainable agriculture are conservation of crop diversity, conservational tillage, watershed management, efficient water management, integrated nutrient management, integrated weed management integrated pest management and crop diversification. Generally the management practices in sustainable agriculture are aimed at achieving sustainable production with limited or no chemical inputs with priority to farm-grown inputs without pollution and minimum damage to natural resource base.

Conservation of crop diversity:

Cultivation of high yielding fertilizer responsive hybrid varieties over large areas has resulted in the loss of land varieties (desi varieties) which need to be conserved not only for the maintenance of the crop diversity but also for their future use in crop improvement programme as these varieties have several useful traits like disease, pest and drought resistance, nutritive value etc. The priority to local or land varieties over hybrid varieties and simultaneously providing protection to wild relatives of crops will avoid the problem of genetic erosion. Oryza nivara a wild variety of rice found in Central India possess the resistant gene to grassy stunt disease of rice. The gene was incorporated in world famous International Rice 8 (IR8) variety of rice through plant breeding at International Rice Research Institute (IRRI), Philippines.

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